総説

培養間葉系幹細胞は他の細胞に分化して病気を治すのか ―心筋梗塞，アルツハイマー病，変形性膝関節症

佐藤　茂，劉　效蘭

WAARM Journal, 2023; 5: 33–47

Key words：培養間葉系幹細胞，細胞分化，心筋梗塞，アルツハイマー病，変形性膝関節症

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Abstract

 Bone and cartilage formation in the embryo and wound fracture healing process in the adult involve the progeny of a small number of cells called mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These cells divide could be osteocytes, chondrocytes cell and other cells. Rapidly advances in the cultured after isolation of MSCs, routinely called MSCs from various human tissues and organs have provided impetus to the field of cell therapy and regenerative medicine. However, MSCs in vivo and cultured MSCs is not the same. By electron microscopic observations, many types of cells are seen in cultured MSCs. Comparisons between MSCs, conditioned media and extracellular vesicles including exosomes were evaluated as regenerative medicine against ischemic hearts, Alzheimer’s disease and knee osteoarthritis. MSCs conditioned medium and MSCs derived extracellular vesicles has a good therapeutic effect as regenerative medicine against various disease, having the same effects as cultured MSCs. In addition, it is unthinkable that cultured MSCs are differentiate into other cells in vivo.

Key words:  培養間葉系幹細胞，細胞分化，心筋梗塞，アルツハイマー病，変形性膝関節症

はじめに

　培養間葉系幹細胞 (MSC) は他の細胞に分化して，障害を受けた組織を再生させて病気を治すとしている多くの論文や総説が見られる．近年，培養 MSC
から分泌されるサイトカイン，増殖因子あるいはエクソソームを含む細胞外小胞の働きにより病気を治癒することが知られてきた．そこで，培養 MSC が
他の細胞に分化して心筋梗塞やアルツハイマー病，変形性膝関節症を治すのかを考察した．